Cardiac magnetic resonance in diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death risk stratification
Abstract
In this review the questions of diagnostics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (НСM) using cardiac magnetic resonance with delayed enhancement are discussed. Different forms of HCM and late gadolinium enhancement patterns and their relationship to risk of sudden cardiac death risk stratification are described. Clinical cases illustrate different forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Keywords:cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), delayed enhancement, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), sudden cardiac death (SCD), risk stratification
For citation: Mershina E.A., Sinitsyn V.E., Larina O.M. Cardiac magnetic resonance in diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death risk stratification. Clin Experiment Surg. Petrovsky J. 2019; 7 (3): 70–8. doi: 10.24411/ 2308-1198-2019-13008 (in Russian)
Received 01.07.2019. Accepted 25.07.2019.
References
1. Hundley W.G., Bluemke D.A., Finn J.P., et al. SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. Circulation. 2010; 121: 2462– 508.
2. Moon J.C., Messroghli D.R., Kellman P., et al. Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: SCMR and CMR Working Group of the ESC Consensus Statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013; 15: 92.
3. Elliott P.M., Anastasakis A., Borger M.A., Borggref M., et al. ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 2733–79.
4. Green J.J., Berger J.S., Kramer C.M., Salerno M. Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement in clinical outcomes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5: 370–7.
5. Rudolph A., Abdel-Aty H., Bohl S., et al. Noninvasive detection of fibrosis applying contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance in different forms of left ventricular hypertrophy relation to remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53 (3): 284–91.
6. Prinz C., Schwarz M., Ilic I., et al. Myocardial fibrosis severity on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging predicts sustained arrhythmic events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol. 2013; 29: 358–63.
7. Sinitsyn V.E., Mershina E.A., Larina O.M. Possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. Clin Experiment Surg. Petrovsky J. 2014; 1 (3): 54–63. (in Russian)
8. Maron M.S., Finley J.J., Bos J.M., Hauser T.H., et al. Prevalence, clinical significance and natural history of left ventricular apical aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2008; 118: 1541–9.
9. Brouwer W.P., Germans T., Head M.C., et al. Multiple myocardial crypts on modified long-axis view are a specific finding in pre-hypertrophic HCM mutation carriers. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 13: 292–7.
10. Maron M.S., Rowin E.J., Lin D., et al. Prevalence and clinical profile of myocardial crypts in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5: 441–7.
11. Gersh B.J., Maron B.J., Bonow R.O., et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: executive summary a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011; 124: 2761–96.
12. Yu E.H., Omran A.S., Wigle E.D., et al. Mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: relationship to obstruction and relief with myectomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000; 36: 2219–25.
13. Valeti U.S., Nishimura R.A., Holmes D.R., et al. Comparison of surgical septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49: 350–7.
14. Maron B.J. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2002; 287 (10): 1308–20.
15. Larina O.M. Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in left ventricular hypertrophy of different Genesis. Literature review. Vestnik Rossiyskogo nauchnogo tsentra rentgenoradiologii Minzdrava Rossii [Bulletin of the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia]. 2010; (10-1): 7. (in Russian)
16. Maron B.J. Risk stratification and prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiol. Rev. 2002; 10 (3): 173–81.
17. Bogaert J., Dymarkowski S., Taylor A.M., Muthurangu V. Clinical cardiac MRI. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23035-6.
18. Maki S., Ikeda H., Muro A., et al. Predictors of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82: 774–8.
19. Olivotto I., Cecchi F., Casey S.A., Dolara A., et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2001; 104: 2517–24.
20. Elliott P.M., Poloniecki J., Dickie S., et al. Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Identification of high risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000; 36: 2212–8.
21. Cecchi F., Maron B.J., Epstein S.E. Long-term outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989; 13: 1283–8.
22. Maron B.J., Moller J.H., Seidman C.E., et al. Impact of laboratory molecular diagnosis on contemporary diagnostic criteria for genetically transmitted cardiovascular diseases. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long-QT syndrome, and Marfan syndrome (A statement for healthcare professionals from the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and Basic Science, American Heart Association). Circulation. 1998; 98: 1460–71.
23. Maki S., Ikeda H., Muro A., et al. Predictors of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82: 774–8.
24. Spirito P., Seidman C.E., McKenna W.J., Maron B.J. The management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 775–85.
25. Eriksson M.J., Sonnenberg B., Woo A., et al. Long-term outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39: 638–45.
26. Bogaert J., Taylor A.M., Van Kerckhove F., Dymas- kowski S. Use of inversion-recovery contrast-enhanced MRI technique for cardiac imaging: spectrum of diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004; 182 (3): 609–15.
27. Kannan A., Kumar K., Madhavan S., et al. Metaanalysis on late gadolinium enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71 (11 suppl) A1645.
28. Moon J.C., McKenna W.J., McCrohon J.A., Elliott P.M., et al. Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41 (9): 1561–7.
29. 2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 2733–79.
30. O’Mahony C., Jichi F., Pavlou M., Monserrat L., et al. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk- SCD). Eur Heart J. 2014; 35 (30): 2010–20.