To the content
1 . 2021

Operated spine syndrome: the state of the problem and the possibility of pain relief

Abstract

In the last 50 years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of surgical interventions as a method of treating pain syndromes due to degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine. However, the problem of back pain is far from being resolved, and at least 50% of operated patients continue to suffer from pain. This article highlights aspects of the current state of the problem of the operated spine, the discussed terminology of this phenomenon, as well as the need for an interdisciplinary approach in choosing the tactics of managing this group of patients.

Keywords:operated spine syndrome, chronic pain after spinal surgery, an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of operated spine syndrome

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
For citation: Medvedeva L.A., Zagorulko O.I., Churyukanov M.V. Operated spine syndrome: the state of the problem and the possibility of pain relief. Clinical and Experimental Surgery. Petrovsky Journal. 2021; 9 (1): 126-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-1198-2021-9-1-126-132 (in Russian)

References

1. Dreval’ O.N., Baskov A.V., Antonov G.I., et al. Neurosurgery. In 2 vols. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2013: (1): 592 p. (in Russian)

2. Manukovsky V.A., Badalov V.I., Tyulikov K.V. Application of minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Zdorov’e. Meditsinskaya ekologiya. Nauka [Health. Medical Ecology. Science]. 2012; 1–2 (47–48): 33–4. (in Russian)

3. GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specifi c mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017; 390 (10 100): 1151–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9

4. Hoy D., Bain C., Williams G., March L., Brooks P., Blyth F., et al. A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64 (6): 2028–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34347

5. Nikitin A.S. Operated spine syndrome. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova [S.S. Korsakov’s Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry]. 2016; 116 (5): 112–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201611651112-118 (in Russian)

6. Sivasubramaniam V., Patel H., Ozdemir B. Trends in hospital admissions and surgical procedures for degenerative lumbar spine disease in England: a 15-year time series study. BMJ. 2015; 5: e009011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009011

7. Yoshihara H., Yoneoka D. National trends in the surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease: United States, 2000 to 2009. Spine. 2015; 15 (2): 265–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.09.026

8. Grotle M., Smastuen M., Fjeld O., Grovle L., Helgeland J., Storheim K., et al. Lumbar spine surgery across 15 years: trends, complications and reoperations in a longitudinal observational study from Norway. BMJ. 2019; 9: e0 28743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjo-pen-2018-028743

9.    Weir S., Samnaliev M., Kuo T.C., Ni Choitir C., Tierney T.S., Cumming D., et al. The incidence and healthcare costs of persistent postoperative pain following lumbar spine surgery in the UK: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). BMJ Open. 2017; 7 (9): e017585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017585

10.    Sharada Weir S., Kuo T.C., Samnaliev M., Tierney T.S., Manca A., Taylor R.S., et al. Reoperation following lumbar spinal surgery: costs and outcomes in a UK population cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Eur Spine J. 2019; 28: 863-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-05871-5

11.    Dvorak J., Gauchat M.H., Valach L. The outcome of surgery for lumbar disc herniation. I. A 4-17 years’ follow-up with emphasis on somatic aspects. Spine. 1988; 13 (12): 1418-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198812000-00015

12.    Harvey A.M. Classification of chronic pain - descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms: book review. Clin J Pain. 1995; 11: 163.

13. Rigoard P., Gatzinsky K., Deneuville J.P., Duyven-dak W., Naiditch N., Van Buyten J.P., et al. Optimizing the management and outcomes of failed back surgery syndrome: a consensus statement on definition and outlines for patient assessment. Pain Res Manag. 2019; 2019: 3126464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3126464

14.    Treede R.D., Rief W., Barke A., Aziz Q., Bennett M.I., Benoliel R., et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain. 2019; 160 (1): 19-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384

15.    World Health Organization. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, 11th Revision (ICD-11). Geneva, 2018. URL: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en (date of access April 14, 2020)

16.    Sebaaly A., Lahoud M.J., Rizkallah M., Kreichati G., Kharrat K. Etiology, evaluation, and treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. Asian Spine J. 2018; 12 (3): 574 - 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4184/asj.2018.12.3.574

17.    Inoue S., Kamiya M., Nishihara M., Arai Y.P., Ikemoto T., Ushida T. Prevalence, characteristics, and burden of failed back surgery syndrome: the influence of various residual symptoms on patient satisfaction and quality of life as assessed by a nationwide Internet survey in Japan. J Pain Res. 2017; 10: 811-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S129295

18.    Chan C.W., Peng P. Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain Med. 2011; 12 (4): 577-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01089.x

19.    Shapiro C.M. The failed back surgery syndrome: pitfalls surrounding evaluation and treatment. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014; 25 (2): 319-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr. 2014.01.014

20.    Parker S.L., Mendenhall S.K., Godil S.S., Siv-asubramanian P., Cahill K., Ziewacz J., et al. Incidence of low back pain after lumbar discectomy for herniated disc and its effect on patient-reported outcomes. Clin Or-thop Relat Res. 2015; 473 (6): 1988-99. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4193-1

21.    Kim C.H., Chung C.K., Park C.S., Choi B., Kim M.J., Park B.J. Reoperation rate after surgery for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease: nationwide cohort study. Spine. 2013; 38 (7): 581-90. DOI:    https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318274f9a7

22.    Seung P.S., Young H.J., Hae W.J., Won R.C., Chang-N.K. Outcomes of revision surgery following instrumented posterolateral fusion in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a comparative analysis between pseud-arthrosis and adjacent segment disease. Asian Spine J. 2017; 11 (3): 463-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4184/asj.2017.11.3.463

23.    Kokina M.S., Filatova E.G. Analysis of the reasons for the failure of surgical treatment of patients with back pain. Nevrologiya, neyropsikhiatriya, psikhosomati-ka [Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics]. 2011; 3 (3): 30-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2011-163 (in Russian)

24.    Genov P.G., Timerbaev A.A., Grin’ A.A., Rebrova O.Yu. The use of multimodal analgesia schemes in the surgical treatment of patients with lumbar herniated discs: a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness. Neyrokhirurgiya [Neurosurgery]. 2017; (1): 45-53. (in Russian)

25.    Woolf C.J. Pain: moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specificpharmacologic management. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 140: 441-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00010

26.    Bianchi M., Broggini M., Balzarini P., Franchi S., Sacerdoteet P. Effects of nimesulide on pain and onsy-novial fluid concentrations of substance P, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in patients with knee osteoarthritis: comparison with celecoxib. Int J Clin Pract. 2007; 61: 1270-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01453.x

27.    Binning A. Nimesulide in the treatment of postoperative pain: a double-blind, comparative study in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Clin J Pain. 2007; 23: 565-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3180e00dff

28.    Pohjolainen T., Jekunen A., Autio L., Vuorela H. Treatment of acute low back pain with the COX-2-selective anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide: results of a randomized, double-blind comparative trial versus ibuprofen. Spine. 2000; 25: 1579-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200006150-00019

29.    Valanne J., Korttila K., Ylikorkala O. Intravenous diclofenac sodium decreases prostaglandin synthesis and postoperative symptoms after general anaesthesia in outpatients undergoing dental surgery. Acta An-aesthesiol Scand. 1987; 31: 722-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02652.x

30.    Levrini L., Carraro M., Rizzo S., Salgarello S., Ber-telli E., Pelliccioni G.A., et al. Prescriptions of NSAIDs to patients undergoing third molar surgery - an observational, prospective, multicenter survey. Clin Drug Invest. 2008; 28: 657-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200828100-00006

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Sergey L. Dzemeshkevich
MD, Professor (Moscow, Russia)

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»