Prosthetics of the inferior vena cava in children with hepatoblastoma: a literature review and our own results

• Filin A.V.
• Charchyan E.R.
• Metelin A.V.
• Galyan T.N.
• Khovrin V.V.
• Kamalov Yu.R.
• Pimenov R.I.
• Mayachkin R.B.
• Kazakova O.V.
• Novikov D.I.
• Babayan A.A.
• Tarba N.S.

Abstract

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children with a recorded increase in incidence worldwide over the past decades. Common stages of the disease – PRETEXT III and IV are diagnosed in 45–80% of cases. Vascular invasion is an unfavorable factor that is recorded in 19–36% of patients.

Radical removal of the tumor is the fundamental postulate of the surgical stage in the treatment of HB. Microvascular invasion is a factor affecting only the prognosis of the disease, while macrovascular invasion, among other things, may require an expansion of the volume of the surgical operation due to the need for vascular reconstruction.

The article presents a series of surgical treatment in patients with HB, who underwent prosthetics of the inferior vena cava for macrovascular tumor invasion.

Keywords:liver; inferior vena cava; vessel prosthesis; hepatoblastoma; liver transplantation; extended resection; long-term outcomes

References

1.     Al Diab A. et al. Inferior vena cava involvement in children with Wilms tumor // Pediatr. Surg. Int. 2017. Vol. 33, N 5. P. 569–573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-016-4034-7    

2.     Elayadi M. et al. Management and outcome of pediatric Wilms tumor with malignant inferior Vena cava thrombus: Largest cohort of single-center experience // Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020. Vol. 25, N 7. P. 1425–1431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01667-0  

3.     Fanelli M.C.A. et al. Management of pediatric tumors with vascular extension // Front. Pediatr. 2022. Vol. 9. P. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.753232  

4.     Xu S., Sun N., Zhang W.P., Song H.C., Huang C.R. Management of Wilms tumor with intravenous thrombus in children: a single center experience // World J. Pediatr. 2019. Vol. 15, N 5. P. 476–482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-019-00272-0  

5.     Shamberger R.C. et al. Intravascular extension of Wilms tumor // Ann. Surg. 2001. Vol. 234, N 1. P. 116–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200107000-00017  

6.     Grimaldi C. et al. Caval replacement strategy in pediatric retroperitoneal tumors encasing the vena cava: A single-center experience and review of literature // J. Pediatr. Surg. 2019. Vol. 54, N 3. P. 557–561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.008  

7.     Risher W.H., Arensman R.M., Ochsner J.L., Hollier L.H. Retrohepatic vena cava reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene graft // J. Vasc. Surg. 1990. Vol. 12, N 3. P. 367–370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(90)90162-4  

8.     Dome J.S. et al. Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms’ tumor: Results from the fifth National Wilms’ Tumor Study // J. Clin. Oncol. 2006. Vol. 24, N 15. P. 2352–2358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.04.7852  

9.     Lall A. et al. Wilms’ tumor with intracaval thrombus in the UK Children’s Cancer Study Group UKW3 trial // J. Pediatr. Surg. 2006. Vol. 41, N 2. P. 382–387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.016  

10. Boam T.D., Gabriel M., Shukla R., Losty P.D. Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on thrombus viability in patients with Wilms tumour and caval extension: Systematic review with meta-analysis // BJS Open. 20211. Vol. 5, N 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab020  

11. Emir S. Wilms tumor with intravascular tumor thrombus // Transl. Pediatr. 2014. Vol. 3, N 1. P. 29–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2014.01.03  

12. Szavay P., Luithle T., Semler O., Graf N., Fuchs J. Surgery of cavoatrial tumor thrombus in nephroblastoma: A report of the SIOP/GPOH study // Pediatr. Blood Cancer. 2004. Vol. 43, N 1. P. 40–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.20056  

13. Angelico R. et al. Ante situm liver resection with inferior vena cava replacement under hypothermic cardiopolmunary bypass for hepatoblastoma: Report of a case and review of the literature // Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2017. Vol. 37. P. 90–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.06.008  

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)