Taxonomic composition of the colon microbiota in acute obstructive intestinal obstruction

• Samartsev V.A.
• Pushkarev B.S.
• Gavrilov V.A.
• Kuznetsova M.P.
• Kuznetsova M.V.

Abstract

Background. Acute obstructive intestinal obstruction is a serious health problem in modern emergency surgery. The quantity, species diversity, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota may differ in acute obstructive intestinal obstruction of different etiologies, localization, and duration of the disease. However, the effect of these parameters on the composition of the gut microbiota is largely unproven. The use of effective methods for the determination of microorganisms is an extremely urgent task in modern practical medicine. Of great interest is the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, which is effective for the detection of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. This approach is distinguished by convenience, accuracy and speed of identification of pathogens, however, no studies related to the assessment of microbial composition in acute obstructive intestinal obstruction using the GC-MS method were found.

Aim is to study the microbial spectrum of the contents of the large intestine in patients with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction of various origins using the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Material and methods. A prospective study of the colon microbiota of patients (n=50) with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction of non-tumor and tumor genesis was carried out in comparison with apparently healthy people (n=10) without signs of acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs. In all patients, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiocenosis of the large intestine was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of intestinal microbial markers.

Results. It has been shown that the total number of microorganisms is statistically significantly reduced in groups of patients with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction in comparison with healthy people. In addition, the number of representatives of the genera Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Butyrivibrio, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides is reduced in the intestinal microbiota in patients with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction. There were no statistically significant differences in the microbial spectrum between the groups of patients with non-tumor and neoplastic acute obstructive intestinal obstruction, as well as groups differing in the time to seek medical help (up to 72 hours vs after 72 hours).

Conclusion. The features identified during the study expand understanding of the composition of the bacterial flora in patients with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction of various origins. A promising direction in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute obstructive intestinal obstruction is the administration of probiotics in order to normalize the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.

Keywords:acute obstructive intestinal obstruction; adults; microbiota; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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